Have the “Flying Geese” occurred in China?

    Abstract: Using national above-scale manufacturing enterprise data, this paper investigates whether the pattern of “flying geese” has occurred in China for the manufacturing industries. In the literature, the term “flying geese” often refers to the movement of capital from a developed region to a less developed one. We find that prior to the mid-2000s, there was an increasing concentration of industrial activities in the coastal region due to the agglomeration effect. However, as labor and land costs burgeoned, the manufacturing sector—especially labor-intensive industries—have begun to relocate from coastal to interior regions.
    Key words: Manufacturing Industries, Flying Geese, Industrial Cluster
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    (in China Economist,Vol.8,No.6,2013))