统计方法对估计城乡收入差距的影响及重新测算

    内容提要：目前对农业转移人口收入的统计，主要采取的是流出地方法，这容易导致统计项目遗漏和低估，结果是部分农村居民工资性收入的低估和部分城镇居民收入的高估。而流入地方法能够得到较为准确的个体收入资料，但却普遍存在调查范围偏差的问题。在目前可以获得的调查数据基础上，本文结合两种统计方法测算农村常住户中外出农民工和举家外出农民工的收入，重新估计了2001-2009年的农村居民工资性收入和城乡收入差距，为全面理解流动人口收入调查和劳动力市场在调节城乡收入差距中的作用提供新的视角。结果显示，结合使用流出地方法提供的人口就业结构和流入地方法提供的个体收入资料，能够更为准确的得到农业转移人口的收入总体情况，为更加合理地判断城乡收入差距提供新的依据。
    关键词：城乡收入差距 农民工 统计方法
    The Effect of Statistical Methods on the Estimation of Urban-Rural Income Gap and Its Re-calculation
    Abstract: The urban-rural income gap is overestimated because of the under-estimation of wage income of rural residents caused by statistical omission and the overestimation of per capita income of urban residents caused by survey range error. The reason for such omission and error are related. This paper analyzes the impact of different investigation methods, based on outflow and inflow areas, on estimating the statistical income. By re-calculating the income gap between rural residents and urban residents between 2001 and 2009 and deviation caused by various investigation methods, we provide a new perspective on understanding the status and role of adjusting the income gap. By combining population employment structure provided by the outflow method, and the individual income data provided by the inflow method, we are able to get more accurate income information of rural migrants. The result is more reasonable to judge the income gap between urban and rural areas.
    Keywords: urban-rural income gap, rural migrant worker, statistical method
    JEL Classification: C42, D31, O15
    全文阅读
    文章出处：劳动经济研究，2013年第1卷第1期