社会养老保险与收入分配

    摘要：本章从应对人口老龄化与和谐社会建设高度出发，研究我国的社会养老保险制度建设对收入分配的影响。首先，考察了公共养老保险调节收入分配的国际经验，回顾了改革前城市退休制度及其福利后果。分析了城镇职工基本养老保险制度在改变收入分配格局方面的成就，同时就该制度的地方统筹、低收入者参保等问题展开讨论。还考察了其他社会养老保险制度改革与收入分配的关系。主要结论是，我国社会养老保险改革对收入分配的调节作用目前还不明显，原因是多方面的，包括发展阶段、地方统筹、政策配套、改革协调性等。建议把收入分配纳入视野，扩展思路，进行多学科多方面的研究，包括国际比较研究。
    Social Pension and Income Distribution      Abstract: With the background of population-aging and the mission of constructing a harmonious society, this chapter studies the impact of social pension reforms on income distribution. This chapter begins with examining international experiences of public pension’s function on income distribution, and reviewing China’s pre-reform urban retirement system and its inequality consequences. Then the urban workers’ basic pension scheme is described and analyzed, focusing on its achievements on changing the distributional framework and its shortcomings with respect to local funds pooling, discouraging low income people’s participation, and some other issues. The relations between other social pension schemes and income distribution are also discussed. The main conclusion is that the effects of social pension reforms on income distribution at present are less obvious due to many reasons, including early stage of developing, localized administration, lack of integrative reform and policy design. Taking income distribution into consideration, therefore, is necessary for academic and policy research.
    文章出处：中国人口与劳动问题报告No.13，第十七章