美国贸易政治中的国会与TPP审议

    *中国社科院世经政所全球发展展望研究系列（GDP）讨论稿，2015年2月16日
    Working Paper No. 15.001
    February 16, 2015
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    美国贸易政治中的国会与TPP审议
    孙靓莹 赵忠秀
    摘要：二战后期以来，亚太一直是美国遏制共产主义和制衡中国崛起的战略基石，这一趋势在奥巴马政府“亚洲再平衡”战略中得到进一步加强。以TPP多边贸易谈判为载体，美国的外交、经济和军事政策重点正在逐步转向亚太地区。国会是美国贸易政策审议的重要机构，本文首先分析了国会在美国TPP谈判国内贸易政治博弈过程中所发挥的作用，并深入分析了不同利益集团在国会审议TPP过程中所产生的影响。最后，本文以贸易数据为基础，展示出美国国会各州在TPP各轮渐进谈判中对不同国家的出口贸易地理情况，探讨出口贸易地理与产业利益集团对国会游说行为的互动关系。
    Abstract：Since the World War II, Asia-pacific region has been the strategic cornerstone for the U.S. to contain Communism and counterbalance China. This tendency has been reinforced since the initiation of the U.S.’s Rebalance Towards Asia Strategy. TPP negotiation is a carrier that represents the transformation of U.S. foreign, economic and military policies towards Asia-pacific region. U.S. Congress is an influential political institution in U.S. trade policy review system. This paper analyzes the U.S. Congress’s role in the domestic trade politics and the specific mechanisms how U.S. Congress influence TPP negotiation. Besides, this essay discusses different interest groups that exert influence on the Congressional trade review mechanism. Export data in 2010 is used to show geographically how state export to TPP participating countries evolved in different stages of the negotiation. In fact, lobby behavior of the interest groups is closely related to trade geography and its interaction with the U.S. congress.
    关键词：美国国会 贸易政治 TPP 出口贸易地理
    Keywords: U.S. Congress；Trade Politics; TPP；Export Trade Geography