当代中国城乡家庭结构变动比较

    摘要：20世纪90年代末城乡核心家庭虽相对减少,然而,城乡家庭结构的简化趋势并没有改变。在城市,其标志是单人家庭上升,核心家庭中夫妇核心家庭上升,直系家庭中三代直系家庭下降。乡村三代直系家庭增加,约占乡村家庭总数的20%以上,达到近20年的最高水平;单人家庭和夫妇核心家庭则处于增长状态。当代城乡家庭结构的变动特征与二十余年来计划生育政策推行之下“少生”和“独生”环境的形成有密切关系。经济转型中人口迁移流动加速也促使家庭类型变化。在这一背景之下,家庭养老资源进一步萎缩,这对社会保障和社会服务工作提出了更迫切的要求。
    关键词：“五普”长表数据； 家庭结构； 城乡比较； 历史演变
     
    A Comparison of Changes in the Modern Chinese Family Structure between Urban and Rural Areas
    Abstract： By the end of the 20th century, the number of nuclear families has proportionally decreased in both urban and rural areas. However, the trend of family size being reduced remains the same. In the urban areas, this trend is seen in the increased single-person families and families with only married couples without children, as well as in the decreased tri-generation, lineal families. In the rural areas, lineal families with three generation have increased to account for over 20 percent of all families, reaching the highest level in the latest 20 years. One-person families and families with only married couples are on the rise. These changes in the modern family structure are closely related to the requirement of “having fewer children” or “having one child” as a result of the family planning policy over more than two decades. Migration in the period of economic transformation has also speeded up family structural changes. In such a context, family resources for the aged are dwindling, which urgently demands Social Security and social service systems to be improved.
    Keywords： data from the 2000 census； family structure； comparison between urban and rural areas； historical change
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    文章出处：社会，2006年第3期