五、简评
工会是否会影响到以及在多大程度影响到劳动收入占比不仅仅是一个规范问题而且也是一个实证命题。国外的研究大部分支持工会会影响到劳动收入占比的观点,但是在多大程度上影响到劳动收入占比似乎是一个无法穷尽的话题。这与本国的劳动力市场和产品市场的结构特征、税率、社会保障、劳工政策等因素密切相关。当下中国劳动收入占比下降的事实是否与工会力量的不断弱化有着密切关系,或者说工会力量的弱化能够在多大程度上解释劳动收入占比下降,也需要做进一步的经验证明。工会制度对中国劳动收入占比的影响既有着国外同类关系的一般规律,但是更主要是中国的工会制度与国外工会制度有着本质的区别,这种区别在很大程度上又决定了在分析当下工会对中国劳动收入占比问题时,更加需要结合中国特定的政治经济环境和发展阶段来做具体分析。
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基金项目:本文系南京大学商学院银兴经济研究基金资助项目。
(作者单位: 中南财经政法大学财政税务学院)