流动人口在城市劳动力市场中的地位:三群体研究

    摘要:   关于流动人口在城市劳动力市场中的地位问题,过去已有大量文献,但研究重点是农民工。这里把外来市民纳入观察视野,利用2008年"迁移和流动劳动力与中国大城市发展"调查数据,分析工资收入和社会保险参与的影响因素。主要研究发现:在工资收入上,不同户籍身份劳动者之间没有净差异;在养老保险和工伤保险参与上,本市居民、外来市民和农民工参与的可能性依次递减。这意味着,工资收入已经基本上由劳动力市场决定,而社会保险参与依然与户籍身份有关。不过,这种关联方式已经从过去的城乡户籍身份歧视转向本地/非本地权益差异。
    关键词:   农民工； 外来市民； 工资； 社会保险
    The Urban Labor Market Status of China’s Floating Population:A Three-Group Approach
    Abstract: Past research on the status of floating population in the urban labor market in China tended to focus on migrants from rural areas to cities.This paper takes consideration of both migrants from rural areas and migrants from other cities and analyzes factors affecting wage income distribution and social insurance participation among three groups of population in urban China,namely rural migrants,urban migrants and urban local workers.The study is based on data from a 2008 survey in four large Chinese cities.The results of this study confirm that if demographic and human capital related factors are controlled there are no significant wage differentials among local urban workers,urban migrants and rural migrants,but the likelihoods of social insurance participation for the three groups with different household registration status are significantly different with the lowest among rural migrants and highest among urban local workers.It implies that wage income has been largely determined by non-institutional labor market mechanisms,but social insurance participation is still associated with one’s hukou status,an institutional mechanism that played a determining role of one’s life chance and economic wellbeing in the pre-reform China.It confirms that rural/urban divide in the household registration system has become less important than the divide between migrants and local residents in Chinese cities.
    Key words: Rural Migrant Labor； Urban Migrant Labor； Wage； Social Insurance
    文章出处：人口研究，2012年第1期