教育回报与劳动力市场的非正规性：来自中国城市劳动力市场的证据

    摘要：劳动力市场正规与非正规性劳动者的教育回报差异，以及学历教育与职业教育回报在不同就业部门、就业类型存在怎样的特征？本文利用2010年中国城市劳动力抽样调查数据，研究发现：按小时工资来衡量，不同部门、类型的劳动者整体上具有相似的核密度估计分布，无论按正规与非正规部门还是按正规与非正规就业来分类，尽管相同教育阶段的正规性劳动者的教育回报均高于非正规性，但对正规与非正规性劳动者教育回报均呈现递增，并且职业高中的教育回报均显著高于学历高中，在工资收入分布不同部分的教育回报与平均收入都具有相同的情形。由于正规部门具有相对较高的学历教育阶段进入门槛，发展职业教育、使职业教育与普通教育之间实现制度衔接，扩展劳动力市场非正规性的保护方法和途径，通过正规部门的溢出效应影响非正规部门的收益，对非正规性劳动者收入有积极意义。
    关键词：教育回报；非正规性；劳动力市场
    JEL分类号：J21 J42
    Returns to Education of Informality in the Labor Market: Evidence from CULS3 Data
    Abstract: This paper, using CULS3 micro-data, examines difference of returns to education between formal and informal in the labor market from multi-perspectives. Results show: firstly, different types of workers have similar kernel density distribution of earnings in the whole. Secondly, according to hourly wage to measure, returns to education in formal sector are higher 4.8% than in informal sector. With the rise of educational level, returns to education in whether both formal sector and formal employment or both informal sector and informal employment tend to increase, and In addition, returns to vocational high school are higher than that of regular high school. Thirdly, at similar educational level, returns to educations of formal sector and formal employment are still higher than informal sector and informal employment. Fourthly, it is clearly quantile regression results that the returns to education are significantly different between formal sector and informal sector. Therefore, development of vocational education has an important value. Meanwhile, the government not only should develop methods and channel of protected informal sector but also impact earnings of informal sector through spillover effect from formal sector.
    Key word: Returns to Education, Informality, Labor Market, China
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    文章出处：世界经济文汇，2013年第5期