被世界关注的中国农民工——论中国特色的深度城市化

    内容提要：近年来以及金融危机期间中国的劳动力市场表现，进一步验证了刘易斯转折点到来的判断。以这个转折点作为发展阶段的里程碑，从理论上认识中国二元经济的终结并揭示其相应的政策含义，有助于我们抓住未来经济增长潜力和保持社会和谐的关键领域，以应对一系列重大转变带来的挑战，挖掘人口红利的潜力，并未雨绸缪，实现经济增长方式的转变，保持增长可持续性。农业不再是剩余劳动力的蓄水池，因而农民工进城的不可逆转性愈发确定。目前农民工“有来有去”的模式，从经济增长角度看已经没有合理性，从社会发展方面看更存在风险。因此，恰当的政策选择应该是按照农民工市民化的思路推进城市化进程。
    关键词：农民工 市民化 深度城市化
     
    China’s Farmers-Turned Workers in Global Spotlight:On Deepening of Urbanization with Chinese Characterisitcs
    Abstract： China’s labor market in the past years,and most recently during the financial crisis,has further verified the judgment of forthcoming Lewis turning point in China.Taking this turning point as a milestone towards the end of China’s dual economy and analyzing its policy implications,we can better understand the key issues of future economic growth potential and social harmony,cope with challenges posed by China’s fundamental changes in various aspects,tap the potential of demographic dividend,and transform the country’s growth pattern and maintain sustainable growth.Consistent with the Lewis turning point theory,this article unveils that agriculture is no longer a pool of surplus force and the trend of farmers-turned workers settling in the cities is irreversible,which implies that the long-standing migration pattern of"come and go"has no rational basis in terms of both economic growth sustainability and prevention of social risks.The article also advocates for deepening urbanization—that is,government policies should focus on transforming migrant workers into urban permanent residents and providing them with equal entitlements and access to public services.
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    文章出处：国际经济评论，2010年第2期