可再生能源产业发展的就业效应

    摘要：全球可再生能源产业的快速发展带来了大量新增就业，本文回顾了目前可再生能源就业效应研究的主要成果。可再生能源就业效应一般区分为直接效应、间接效应和引致性效应，以单位投资、容量或产出带来的人年数来衡量。现有研究主要采用经验因子法和投入产出法。研究显示，可再生能源行业的就业人数快速增长，且潜力巨大。几种主要可再生能源技术如风电、光伏发电、生物质发电等方面研究较多，不同研究所得到的就业效应因时间、项目规模和区域不同有所差异。可再生能源技术的就业效应高于煤电、天然气发电等传统能源部门。但总体上，现有研究仍然存在数据来源有限、研究方法偏简、研究范围较窄、研究结论可靠性有待提高等一系列问题，未来需要在数据收集、研究深度和广度等方面进一步加强。
    关键词：可再生能源  就业效应  风电 太阳能 生物质能
    Employment Effect of Renewable Energy Industry Development
    Lin Bao
    Abstract: Rapid growth of renewable energy industry has brought lots of new jobs globally. This paper reviews existing studies on employment effects of renewable energy development. The employment in renewable energy industry can generally be divided to direct, indirect and induced one, and it is expressed by person-year based on unit investment, capacity or generation. Two approaches are usually used in the employment effect researches: Rule-of-thumb Factors and I-O model. These researches show that employment in renewable energy industry grows rapid too and has huge potential. Several technologies such as wind power, solar PV and biomass power are concerned rather more than other technologies, but the results are different because of their different periods, scales and areas. The employment effects of renewable energy technologies are higher than those of traditional energy technologies such as coal power and nature gas power. Generally, several problems still exist in these studies such as limited in data, too simple in approaches, narrow in study area and bad reliability in results. It is needed to improve in data collection, research depth and scope.
    Keywords: Renewable energy, employment effect, wind power, solar energy, biomass energy
    JEL Classification: J21, J44, N70
    全文阅读
    文章出处：劳动经济研究，2014年第2卷第1期,p127-151