公平与幸福

    摘要：在城市“新二元结构”下，户籍身份成为影响人们幸福感，从而影响城市和谐发展的重要因素。我们发现，外来移民和城市居民均对与户籍身份有关的收入差距不满，相比之下，外来移民的幸福感更大地受到与户籍身份有关的收入差距的负面影响。身份收入差距下降1（相当于这一变量均值的一半）所带来的快乐提升，相当于提高家庭人均收入53.2%和人均住房面积增加29.9平方米。我们还发现，在拥有城市户籍的人当中，主要是出生在农村的“新城市人”对身份收入差距表示不满。本文的含义是，与身份有关的不平等具有不公平的性质，降低人们的幸福感。
    关键词：幸福感 收入差距 户籍 城市发展
    Fairness and Happiness
    Lu Ming, Jiang Shiqing & Sato Hiroshi
    Abstract: Based on a national representative data set from urban China, this paper finds that people feel unhappy in a new dualist structure if inequality is related to their hukou identity, no matter whether they are urban residents with or without local hukou. Compared with local residents, migrants suffer more from hukou-related inequality. Averagely speaking, the happiness score increased through reducing resident-migrant per capita income ratio by 1, about half of its mean, is equivalent to the effects of raising per capita income by 53.2% or per capita housing area by 29.9 M2. We also find that among urban residents with hukou, it is mainly those born in rural area who are unhappy with hukou-related inequality. This study implies that identity-related inequality means unfairness that reduces happiness.
    Keywords: happiness, inequality, hukou identity, urban development
    JEL Classification: I31, O15, R23
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    文章出处：劳动经济研究，2014年第2卷第1期，p26-48