贺立龙 黄科 郑怡君：信贷扶贫研究

    原文标题：信贷支持贫困农户脱贫的有效性：信贷供求视角的经验实证
    摘要：信贷支持贫困农户脱贫作为金融精准扶贫的重要实现方式，其有效性体现为信贷支持贫困农户的精准性和助益农户生产与可持续脱贫的定向性。基于农户相对贫困的分层测度，采集农户信贷活动数据，从供求两个方面对信贷支持贫困农户脱贫的有效性进行实证分析。研究发现，信贷支持贫困农户的精准性与助益农户生产脱贫的导向不明显；金融信息以及学历、生计结构影响农户信贷需求，信息、亲朋关系、收入结构制约农户信贷可得；贫困农户更依赖非正规信贷，对正规信贷有惧贷心理，正规信贷投放存在“嫌贫爱富”倾向。因此，设计“发展型”信贷产品，开拓“亲贫式”信贷业务，强化信贷帮扶的瞄准效果与益贫效应；做好信贷扶贫宣传，破解“信息贫困”与惧贷心理；发掘信贷扶贫的商业回报及声誉价值，增加对生产脱贫项目的信贷供给；合理引导非正规信贷活动，保障贫困农户生活应急与可持续生计资金。
    关键词：有效性；脱贫；正规信贷；非正规信贷
    作者简介：贺立龙，四川大学经济学院；黄科，中国人民大学财政金融学院；郑怡君，四川大学经济学院。
    项目：本研究得到国家社科基金青年项目“精准扶贫的瞄准机制与施策效率研究”(项目编号：15CJL057)的资助。
        
      Effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation by Credit Support: Empirical study in perspective of demand and supply
    He Lilong，Huang Ke, Zheng Yijun
    Abstract: As an important way to implement the policy of poverty alleviation, credit support proves to be effective in backing impoverished farmers accurately and directionally helping them in self-production and long-run poverty relief. Based on the measurement and layering of farmer’s relative poverty level, data was collected on farmer’s credit activities and empirical research was done on the effectiveness of poverty alleviation by credit support from the perspective of both supply and demand. The research has come up with the following results. Firstly, credit support shows little significance on its accuracy in backing impoverished farmers and on its directionality in helping them in self-production and long-run poverty relief. Secondly, financial information availability, education background, family economic structure will affect farmer’s credit demand; information availability, relative relations and income structure will affect farmer’s credit availability. Thirdly, impoverished farmers are more reliant on informal credit and tend to have a sense of fear on formal credit, therefore, formal credit tends to favor the rich and despise the poor. As a result, the following things should be done to improve the effectiveness of poverty alleviation by credit support. Firstly, “development enhancing” financial instrument should be designed, and “poor favoring” credit services should be conducted. Secondly, propaganda on the credit poverty alleviation program should be conducted in order to solve the problem of “informational poverty” and to eliminate people’s fear of formal credit. Thirdly, goodwill and commercial return of the credit poverty alleviation project should be detected in order to increase the credit supply to industrial poverty alleviation projects. Lastly, informal credit activities should be properly guided in order to provide impoverished farmers with funds to deal with emergency and to prepare for long-term development.
    Key words: Effectiveness，Poverty Overcome，Formal Credit，Informal credit

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