“第三次工业革命”、制造的重新定义与中国制造业发展

    基金：中国社会科学院工业经济研究所重点课题（2012）“‘第三次工业革命’对中国工业的影响”（GJSZD201204）
    摘要：“第三次工业革命＂的含义不仅限于通过机器对劳动的替代实现更低的生产成本,还在于通过先进制造技术与知识型员工和新的生产管理方法的有效结合达到产品多样性、产品开发周期、产品性能和产能灵活性的综合优化。它将改变制造业的要素投入结构和制造业企业竞争的关键资源基础、制造业的产业组织形态和国家间产业竞争的范式、国家的比较优势条件,从而重塑全球经济地理和产业分工格局。中国制造业的发展思路应当从过去的＂强化比较成本优势＂向＂形成新的竞争优势＂转变,产业政策应当在加快先进制造技术突破和制造基础设施建设的同时,注重先进制造技术和制造系统的示范、推广和应用,通过现代生产管理和制度政策环境的建设,将先进制造技术切实转为产业竞争力和现实经济利益,开辟符合中国自身产业基础和要素禀赋特征的独特的制造技术升级路径。
    Against the background of TIR, a series of advanced manufacturing technologies that penetrating, integrating and reshaping manufacturing industries may redefine the role of manufacturing in economic development and innovation system. As the productivity and value creation of manufacturing would be improved dramatically, the role of manufacturing is likely to be changed from production to an innovative resource that carries knowledge, information and new organizational management methods. Manufacturing would be the battle front of international industrial competition again. As a far-reaching techno-economic paradigm shift, TIR would change the structure of resource input, the industrial organization of manufacturing, the global economic geography and international industrial division of labor, and finally impact China’s path of industrial upgrading and technological catch-up.
    关键词：“第三次工业革命” 先进制造技术 技术经济范式 工业发展 制造 制造业
    the Third Industrial Revolution advanced manul：dclm-ing technology tectmo-economicparadigm industrial development manul：dclm-ing manul：dclm-ing sector
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