国有经济占比下降与控制力提升能否共存？基于工业行业数据的测度

    Can reduced proportion and increased power of state-owned economy coexist?
    -Measurement Based on Empirical Industrial Data
    内容提要：利用宏观与微观数据衡量国有经济占比及国有经济控制力，显示前者不是测度的唯一指标。1996—2011年，我国国有经济的总量占比下降。但以近几年来行业领头企业的数量衡量，工业企业有9个行业的国有经济控制力在增加，14个行业国有经济的控制力处于调整之中，有16个行业国有经济控制力在减弱。由于产业结构调整，尤其是2003年之后国有经济产业分布的优化调整，我国国有经济对国民经济的整体影响能力和控制能力并未显著下降，甚至在一些行业内，通过产业组织结构调整，并利用资本优势，国有企业的控制力反而有所提升。总之，在某些行业国有经济占比下降的同时，国有经济的控制力却有可能得到提升；因而在关注国有经济占比的同时，更应关注国有经济的控制力。
    关键词：国有经济控制力  企业组织  结构变化
    Abstract: The proportion of state-owned economy is not the only and rather accurate indicator to measure the true controlling power of state-owned enterprises at both micro and macro level. Chinese state-owned economy has experienced a decrease in proportion since 1996. On the other hand, if we measure the controlling power of the major leading state-owned enterprises over the same period, we have observed that state-owned enterprises in nine industries have witnessed increase in controlling power, on the contrary, in sixteen industries we have observed that state-owned enterprises have experienced drop in power, enterprises in the other fourteen industries are yet to be determined due to major adjustments were being made. The effectiveness and controlling power of state-owned economy over the Chinese national economy did not decrease even after the policy to optimize and adjust state-owned industry layout in 2003. Furthermore, in some industries, we have seen increase in controlling power of state-owned enterprises through industrial structure adjustment and comparative capital advance. Overall, we have seen the proportion drop in state-owned economy meanwhile we have also been experiencing an increase in controlling power of the state-owned enterprises. Rather than solely focusing on the proportion of state-owned economy, we should emphasize more on the controlling power of the state-owned economy.
    Keywords: Controlling Power of State-owned Enterprise, Organizational Structure of Enterprise, Structural Change
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