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[连载1]林盼：制度变迁、利益冲突与国营企业技术精英地位获得（1949—1965）
http://www.newdu.com 2018/3/23 《中国经济史研究》2018年第2期 林盼 参加讨论
[原文标题]制度变迁、利益冲突与国营企业技术精英地位获得（1949—1965）
[内容提要]本文关注1949—1965年国营企业技术人员生存境遇问题。通过对这一时期工业系统干部档案材料的分析，本文发现，技术人员是否能够“凭技术吃饭”，即依靠专业能力获得较高的社会经济地位，或获得向上流动的资格，在新中国的国营企业中具有阶段性差异。在大跃进之前的经济恢复与过渡时期，被“包下来”的旧技术人员不仅掌握相对自由的择业机会，在企业内部也备受重视，获得经济收入和社会地位的双重回报。大跃进时期，由于企业党委的权力扩张，“两参一改三结合”打破技术等级制度，大量工人被提拔为工程师与技术员，使得技术人员在这一管理体系中失去技术权威的地位，面临“上压下挤，两面受夹”的边缘化处境。1961年之后，随着《工业七十条》的颁布，技术等级制度部分得到恢复，技术人员的价值与地位重新得到确认。本文认为，制度变迁与利益冲突所导致的权力关系变化，是技术人员生存境遇与社会地位起伏的主要原因。
[关键词]制度变迁 利益冲突 国营企业 技术精英 地位获得
Institutional Change, Conflict of Interest and Technical Elite Status Attainment in State-owned Enterprises (1949-1965)
Lin Pan
Abstract：This paper focuses on living circumstance of technical personnel in state-owned enterprises in 1949-1965Through the archives of industrial system in this period，this paper found the phase difference whether technical personnel were able to obtain a higher socioeconomic status or upward mobility relying on the professional skill ability. In the period of economic recovery and transition before the Great Leap，the old technical personnel not only mastered the relative freedom of employment opportunities，but also attracted attention in the enterprise and achieved the double returns to obtain the economic income and social status. However，in the period of the Great Leap，a lot of technical personnel lost technology authority in this system and confronted the squeeze on pressure because power of enterprise Party committee was undergoing expansion and a large number of workers was promoted to engineer and technician due to break the technical level system. After 1961，with the promulgation of Seventy Rules of Industry，the technical grade system was partially restored，and the value and status of technical personnel were reaffirmed. This paper holds that the change of power relations caused by institutional change and conflict of interests is the main cause that living circumstance and social status of technical personnel were subject to fluctuation.
Key Words：Institutional Change; Conflict of Interest; Technical Elite; Status Attainment; State-owned Enterprises
［作者及简介］林盼，中国社会科学院经济研究所助理研究员。
[项目]本文是国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学探索”（批准号：16ZDA002）的子课题“中国特色社会主义政治经济学范畴史”的阶段性成果之一。
[致谢]本文在构思和写作期间，受到刘欣教授、张乐天教授、桂勇教授等师长的指点与鼓励，在此深表感谢。文责自负。
[期刊责任编辑]黄英伟
Tags：连载1林盼,制度变迁、利益冲突与国营企业技术精英地位获得（1949—1965）
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