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[文萃·连载1]“有限”与“无限”之间：摊还规则的偿债逻辑
http://www.newdu.com 2018/4/16 《中国经济史研究》2018年第2期 娄敏 参加讨论
原文标题：“有限”与“无限”之间：摊还规则的偿债逻辑——以江津县债务类司法档案为中心
内容提要：摊还在清代至民国的借贷关系中居于举足轻重的地位，专门处理资不抵债的债务清偿问题。生存伦理是迫使债权人准许摊还与忍受损失的道德压力；信用资本是部分债务人拒绝摊还与承诺清偿债务的根本原因。这既是对窘迫债务人的怜悯，又是要求债权人共同分摊信贷市场风险的表现。与现代《破产法》相比，摊还规则的实践过程，体现了“暂时性”有限责任与“永久性”无限责任的有机结合，更好地满足了不同经济处境下借贷双方的利益诉求。
关键词：风险 有限责任 债务清偿 无限责任
Between “Limited” and “Unlimited”： the Logic of Amortization Rule
——Centering on the Debt Judicial Archives of Jiangjin County
Lou Min
Abstract：Amortization is an important measure to deal with the problems of repayment in debt relationships from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of ChinaThe survival ethics is a kind of moral pressure to force the creditor to permit the amortization and bear economic loss，and the capital of creditworthy is the most fundamental reason for parts of debtors to reject the amortization and promise to pay off debtsObviously，the amortization rule has mercy on the poor debtors，meanwhile requires the creditors to share the risks in credit marketIn comparison to the modern bankruptcy law，the practical process of amortization rule reflects the organic combination of “temporary” limited liability and “permanent” unlimited liability，which can meet the interests of the debtor and creditor in different economic situations much better.
Key Words：Risks; Limited Liability; Paying off Debts; Unlimited Liability
作者简介：娄敏，上海交通大学历史系博士研究生。
项目：本文为上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题项目“江津民国司法档案所见传统民法变迁”（批准号：BV0900029）的阶段性成果之一。感谢匿名评审专家提出的宝贵意见。
期刊责任编辑：王小嘉
Tags：文萃·连载1“有限”与“无限”之间,摊还规则的偿债逻辑
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